Formulation of a Quercetin-Based Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) Cream as an SPF Booster Formulasi Sediaan Krim Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) Berbasis Quercetin sebagai SPF Booster
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Abstract
Excessive ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure can cause skin damage, necessitating the use of effective sunscreen products. Quercetin is a flavonoid compound with antioxidant activity and potential as a Sun Protection Factor (SPF) booster; however, it suffers from low solubility and stability. This study aimed to formulate a quercetin-based Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) cream with varying quercetin concentrations and to evaluate its physical properties, stability, particle size, and differences in SPF values among formulas. An experimental approach was employed, formulating three creams containing quercetin at concentrations of 0.25% (F1), 0.50% (F2), and 0.75% (F3). Evaluations included organoleptic properties, homogeneity, emulsion type, pH, spreadability, adhesiveness, viscosity, a cycling test, particle size characterization using a Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), and SPF determination via the Mansur method using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The results showed that all formulas were oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions and exhibited no phase separation during the cycling test, although small granules were observed during the homogeneity test. The particle sizes for Formulas 1, 2, and 3 were 460.9 nm, 771.3 nm, and 782.1 nm, respectively, with Polydispersity Index (PDI) values of 0.522, 0.871, and 0.567. SPF values tended to increase with quercetin concentration (F1 2.86; F2 2.89; F3 3.06), with Formula 3 yielding the highest value. Thus, quercetin-based NLC cream shows potential for sunscreen development; however, the SPF-boosting role of quercetin needs to be confirmed against a quercetin-free control formula, and further formulation optimization is required to achieve smaller particle sizes and improved homogeneity.
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