In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Extracts and Fractions from Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Pods and Leaves Using the DPPH Method In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Extracts and Fractions from Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Pods and Leaves Using the DPPH Method
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Phaseolus vulgaris L. is a legume rich in nutrients and containing a variety of chemical constituents. Although its seeds have been extensively studied, comparative information regarding the antioxidant potential of the pod and leaf particularly in various solvent fractions has not yet been established. The objective of this study was to determine the in vitro antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts, n-hexane fractions, ethyl acetate fractions, and aqueous fractions of the pods and leaves of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) using UV-Visible spectrophotometry with the 1,1-dipheny l-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Phytochemical screening results indicated that the pods and leaves simplicia of the common bean contain flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, and quinones. The n-hexane fraction of common bean leaves had an EC50 value of 7.16 µg/mL, and the aqueous fraction of common bean pod had an EC50 value of 10.24 µg/mL, each exhibited the strongest free radical scavenging activity compared to the other extracts and fractions. These values were determined using quercetin as a reference substance, which had a concentration of 0.6321 µg/mL. This indicates that common bean pods and leaves have potential as natural sources of antioxidant compounds. Therefore, further research is needed to isolate the compounds that act as antioxidants in common bean pod and leaf extracts, as well as to study the in vivo antioxidant activity of common beans.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in PharmaCine: Journal of Pharmacy, Medical and Health Science agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors can enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
PharmaCine : Journal of Pharmacy, Medical and Health Science by https://jhs.unsika.ac.id/ is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt, remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
References
Apriliyanti, M. W., Mayangsari, Y., Sunarti, S., & Supriyadi, S. (2026). Profiling of untargeted compounds from the ethanolic extract of green melinjo ( Gnetum gnemon L.) peel . BIO Web of Conferences, 210, 02022. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202621002022.
Bean, C., & Obtained, L. (2022). Antioxidant Capacity and Antiplatelet Activity of Aqueous. Plants, 11, 1179.
Beatrice, D. A., Bean, K., Mani, N., Beatrice, A. D., & Priyadarshini, D. R. (2024). Phytochemical Analysis , In vitro Anti-oxidant , Anti-diabetic and Anti-in fl ammatory Activity of Red. International Journal of Health and Allied Sciences, 13, 76–90
Borges-Martínez, E., Gallardo-Velázquez, T., Cardador-Martínez, A., Moguel-Concha, D., Osorio-Revilla, G., Ruiz-Ruiz, J. C., & Martínez, C. J. (2022). Phenolic compounds profile and antioxidant activity of pea (Pisum sativum L.) and black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) sprouts. Food Science and Technology (Brazil), 42, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.45920
Campanelli, G., Francois, E., Parupathi, P., Devarakonda, L. S., Yang, C., Kumar, A., & Levenson, A. S. (2024). The Therapeutic Efficacy and Mechanism of Action of Gnetin C, a Natural Compound from the Melinjo Plant, in a Preclinical Mouse Model of Advanced Prostate Cancer. Cancers, 16(7), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16071344
Florvil, F., Márquez-Quiroz, C., de-la-Cruz-Lázaro, E., Osorio-Osorio, R., & Sánchez-Chávez, E. (2022). Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant Activity and Mineral Content of Common Bean Varieties Grown in Tabasco, Mexico. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, 56(3), 368–372. https://doi.org/10.18805/IJARe.A-587
Hernandez, D. F., Orozco-Avila, I., Lugo-Cervantes, E., & Mojica, L. (2020). Black Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Phenolic Extract Exhibits Antioxidant and Anti-Aging Potential. Current Developments in Nutrition, 4, nzaa040_024. https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa040_024
Honga, J., Parhusip, A. J. N., Anugrahati, N. A., Sinaga, W. S. L., & Angel, V. (2019). Stabilization of red melinjo peel (gnetum gnemon L.) ethyl acetate extract as antibacterial agent. Journal of Functional Food and Nutraceutical, 1(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.33555/jffn.v1i1.7
Jain, V. K., & Priyadarsini, I. K. (2025). Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity of Selenium Incorporated Biologically Inspired N-Heteroaryl Compounds. Biological Trace Element Research, 204(1), 538–550. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-025-04694-y
Laksmiwati, A. A. I. A. M., Sahara, E., Ratnayani, N. K., & Siaka, I. M. (2025). The Effect of Germination Time on the Level of Total Phenol and Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol Extract of Red Bean Sprouts (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). International Journal of Current Science Research and Review, 08(08), 4271–4276. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijcsrr/v8-i8-36
Lu, W., Shi, Y., Wang, R., Su, D., Tang, M., Liu, Y., & Li, Z. (2021). Antioxidant activity and healthy benefits of natural pigments in fruits: A review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094945
Mubarok, Z., & Fikroh, R. A. (2024). Analysis Of Melinjo Seed Extract as Corrosion Bioinhibitor for. Jurnal Sains Natural, 14, 162–168.
Ouedraogo, W. R. C., Belemnaba, L., Nitiema, M., Kabore, B., Ouedraogo, N., Koala, M., Semde, R., & Ouedraogo, S. (2023). Antioxidant and Vasorelaxant Properties of Phaseolus vulgaris Linn (Fabaceae) Immature Pods Extract on the Thoracic Aorta of NMRI Mice. Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal, 16(1), 533–548. https://doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2635
Rodríguez Madrera, R., Campa Negrillo, A., Suárez Valles, B., & Ferreira Fernández, J. J. (2021). Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity in Seeds of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Foods, 10(864), 12.
Salas-Salazar, N. A., Sánchez-Chávez, E., Sánchez, D. E., Chávez-Martínez, A., Soto-Caballero, M. C., & Flores-Cordova, M. A. (2025). Influence of fertilization schemes on bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity and volatile profile in Pinto Centauro bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 53(2), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha53214499
Samukha, V., Fantasma, F., D’Urso, G., Caprari, C., De Felice, V., Saviano, G., Lauro, G., Casapullo, A., Chini, M. G., Bifulco, G., & Iorizzi, M. (2024). NMR Metabolomics and Chemometrics of Commercial Varieties of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Seeds from Italy and In Vitro Antioxidant and Antifungal Activity. Plants, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13020227
Shi, L., Zhao, W., Yang, Z., Subbiah, V., & Suleria, H. A. R. (2022). Extraction and characterization of phenolic compounds and their potential antioxidant activities. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(54), 81112–81129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23337-6
Siswoyo, T. A., Arum, L. S., Sanjaya, B. R. L., & Aisyah, Z. S. (2021). The growth responses and antioxidant capabilities of melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) in different durations of drought stress. Annals of Agricultural Sciences, 66(1), 81–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aoas.2021.05.003
Suci, P. R., Safitri, M. A., & Prasetiyo, D. A. (2023). Uji aktivitas antioksidan secara spektrofotometri UV-Vis dengan metode DPPH ekstrak kulit melinjo (Gnetum Gnemon L.) Antioxidant activity test using UV-Vis spectrophotometry using the DPPH method of melinjo peel extract (Gnetum Gnemon L.). Jurnal Wiyata Penelitian Sains Dan Kesehatan, 10(1), 46–56. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371663325
Sukohar Asep, Iqbal Muhammad, Triyandi Ramadhan, S. (2024). Melinjo Seeds (Gnetum gnemon L.) Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxic Effects on MCF‑7 Breast Cancer Cells: A Study Based on Tracing of Resveratrol Compound. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 7(10), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.JPBS
Susmayanti, W., & Rahmadani, A. (2023). Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Fraksi Daun Melinjo (Gnetum Gnenom L.). Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Product, 06, 97–106.