Pengaruh Exercise self-efficacy terhadap Aktivitas Fisik Mahasiswa : Analisis Perbedaan Gender
Bilah Samping Artikel
Isi Artikel Utama
Abstrak
Aktivitas fisik mahasiswa cenderung rendah akibat perubahan gaya hidup dan tuntutan akademik, sehingga diperlukan kajian terhadap faktor psikologis yang memengaruhinya, salah satunya exercise self-efficacy. Selain itu, perbedaan gender diduga turut memengaruhi hubungan antara self-efficacy dan aktivitas fisik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh exercise self-efficacy terhadap aktivitas fisik mahasiswa serta menguji peran gender sebagai variabel moderator. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional pada 117 mahasiswa PJKR FIK UNM yang dipilih melalui stratified random sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah Exercise self-efficacy Scale (ESES) dan International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan signifikan berdasarkan gender pada exercise self-efficacy (t = 2,12; p = 0,036) dan aktivitas fisik (t = 2,45; p = 0,016). Hasil analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa exercise self-efficacy berpengaruh signifikan terhadap aktivitas fisik (β = 0,48; t = 5,82; p < 0,001; R² = 0,23). Selain itu, hasil analisis moderasi menunjukkan bahwa interaksi antara exercise self-efficacy dan gender signifikan (β = 0,21; t = 2,05; p = 0,042) dengan peningkatan koefisien determinasi menjadi R² = 0,29. Disimpulkan bahwa exercise self-efficacy berpengaruh terhadap aktivitas fisik mahasiswa, dan gender berperan sebagai variabel moderator dalam hubungan tersebut.
Unduhan
Rincian Artikel
Artikel ini berlisensi Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Referensi
Alamsyah, N. F., & Akkase, A. (2025). Tinjauan Aktivitas Olahraga Berdasarkan Usia Dan Jenis Kelamin. Jurnal Ilmiah STOK Bina Guna Medan, 13(2), 336–343.
Bandura, A. (2014). Exercise of personal agency through the self-efficacy mechanism. In Self-efficacy (pp. 3–38). Taylor & Francis.
Baskin, M. L., Dulin-Keita, A., Thind, H., & Godsey, E. (2015). Social and cultural environment factors influencing physical activity among African-American adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 56(5), 536–542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.01.012
Cleland, C., Ferguson, S., Ellis, G., & Hunter, R. F. (2018). Validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) for assessing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary behaviour of older adults in the United Kingdom. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 18(1), 176. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-018-0642-3
Colangelo, A. M., & Weissbrod, C. S. (2019). The role of social support, self-efficacy, and motivation in the exercise behavior of women. Exercise Medicine, 3.
Cornick, J. E. (2015). Factor structure of the exercise self-efficacy scale. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 19(4), 208–218.
Craig, C., Marshall, A., Sjostrom, M., Bauman, A., Lee, P., Macfarlane, D., Lam, T., & Stewart, S. (2017). International physical activity questionnaire-short form. J Am Coll Health, 65(7), 492–501.
Dharmansyah, D., & Budiana, D. (2021). Indonesian Adaptation of The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ): Psychometric Properties.
Dhuli, K., Naureen, Z., Medori, M. C., Fioretti, F., Caruso, P., Perrone, M. A., Nodari, S., Manganotti, P., Xhufi, S., Bushati, M., & others. (2022). Physical activity for health. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, 63(2 Suppl 3), E150. https://doi.org/10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2S3.2756
Di Maio, S., Keller, J., Hohl, D. H., Schwarzer, R., & Knoll, N. (2021). Habits and self-efficacy moderate the effects of intentions and planning on physical activity. British Journal of Health Psychology, 26(1), 50–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjhp.12452
Donnelly, T. T., Al-Thani, A.-A. bint M., Benjamin, K., Al-Khater, A.-H., Fung, T. S., Ahmedna, M., & Welch, A. (2018). Arab female and male perceptions of factors facilitating and inhibiting their physical activity: Findings from a qualitative study in the Middle East. PloS One, 13(7), e0199336. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199336
Edwards, E. S., & Sackett, S. C. (2016). Psychosocial variables related to why women are less active than men and related health implications: supplementary issue: health disparities in women. Clinical Medicine Insights: Women’s Health, 9, CMWH--S34668.
Erturan, G., McBride, R., & Agbuga, B. (2020). Self-regulation and self-efficacy as mediators of achievement goals and leisure time physical activity: A proposed model. Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports, 24(1), 12–20.
Forde, C. (2018). Scoring the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). University of Dublin, 3.
Habali, V. A. F., Kharisman, V. A., Friskawati, G. F., & Supriadi, D. (2023). Persepsi masyarakat terhadap kesetaraan gender pada wanita dalam olahraga. Physical Activity Journal (PAJU), 4(2), 155–172. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.paju.2023.4.2.6708
Hakim, A. R., Wang, S.-T., Widiantoro, F. X., Hannan, M., Wang, C.-J., & Fetzer, S. J. (2020). The Indonesian version of the exercise self-efficacy scale: cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric testing. Asian Nursing Research, 14(5), 300–305.
Harjana, N. P. A. (2023). Perilaku kesehatan: Kumpulan teori dan penerapan (Vol. 1). Primajana Education.
Hasmyati, S., & Arafah, A. A. (2018). Effective Learning Models In Physical Education Teaching. Deepublish.
Hickey, M. E., & Mason, S. E. (2017). Age and gender differences in particpation rates, motivators for, and barriers to exercise. Modern Psychological Studies, 22(2), 3.
Hu, Z., Zhang, Y., Liao, C., Nong, L., Kadier, K., & Zhu, K. (2025). Relationship between physical exercise self-efficacy and persistent exercise behavior among college students. Alpha Psychiatry, 26(2), 38955.
Karnain, N., Rahman, M., Lahama, H., Attaufik, M. M., & Khairunnisa, S. (2025). Analisis Faktor Sosial, Budaya, dan Ekonomi dalam Kesenjangan Gender. Aksara: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Nonformal, 11(3).
Kim, D. H., Kim, J. H., & Park, K.-J. (2023). The impact of regular exercise, competition experience, and physical self-efficacy on psychological resilience. Revista de Psicolog{’i}a Del Deporte (Journal of Sport Psychology), 32(3), 1–19.
Laksmi, I., & Jayanti, D. (2023). Hubungan aktivitas fisik dengan kesehatan mental pada remaja. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 14(1), 11–19.
Lauderdale, M. E., Yli-Piipari, S., Irwin, C. C., & Layne, T. E. (2015). Gender differences regarding motivation for physical activity among college students: A self-determination approach. The Physical Educator, 72(5).
Lee, P. H., Macfarlane, D. J., Lam, T. H., & Stewart, S. M. (2011). Validity of the international physical activity questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF): A systematic review. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 8(1), 115. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-8-115
Lewis, B. A., Williams, D. M., Frayeh, A., & Marcus, B. H. (2016). Self-efficacy versus perceived enjoyment as predictors of physical activity behaviour. Psychology & Health, 31(4), 456–469.
Li, B. (2023). The relationship between physical exercise and self-efficacy of college students and the mediating role of emotional self-regulation. Revista de Psicolog{’i}a Del Deporte (Journal of Sport Psychology), 32(1), 241–249.
Lopez-Garrido, G. (2023). Bandura’s self-efficacy theory of motivation in psychology. Simply Psychology, 10(1).
Munandar, W. (2024). Sosialisasi Tentang Partisipasi Wanita Dalam Dunia Olahraga. ABDI SAMULANG: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 3(2), 120–127. https://doi.org/10.61477/abdisamulang.v3i2.42
Peng, B., Ng, J. Y. Y., & Ha, A. S. (2023). Barriers and facilitators to physical activity for young adult women: a systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative literature. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 20(1), 23.
Portela-Pino, I., López-Castedo, A., Mart’inez-Patiño, M. J., Valverde-Esteve, T., & Dom’inguez-Alonso, J. (2020). Gender differences in motivation and barriers for the practice of physical exercise in adolescence. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(1), 168.
Qiu, W., Wang, X., Cui, H., Ma, W., Xiao, H., Qu, G., Gao, R., Zhou, F., Nie, Y., & Liu, C. (2025). The impact of physical exercise on college students’ physical self-efficacy: the mediating role of psychological resilience. Behavioral Sciences, 15(4), 541.
Rebar, A. L., & Taylor, A. (2017). Physical activity and mental health; it is more than just a prescription. Mental Health and Physical Activity, 13, 77–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mhpa.2017.10.004
Sheng, J., Ariffin, I. A. B., & Tham, J. (2025). The influence of exercise self-efficacy and gender on the relationship between exercise motivation and physical activity in college students. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 11888. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-95704-5
Toharudin, U., Rahmat, A., & Kurniawan, I. S. (2019). The important of self-efficacy and self-regulation in learning: How should a student be? Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1157(2), 22074.
Wang, K., Yang, Y., Zhang, T., Ouyang, Y., Liu, B., & Luo, J. (2020). The relationship between physical activity and emotional intelligence in college students: The mediating role of self-efficacy. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 967.
Warner, L. M., & French, D. P. (2020). 32 Self-Efficacy Interventions. The Handbook of Behavior Change,.
WHO. (2020). WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. World Health Organization.
Wicaksono, A., & Handoko, W. (2020). Aktivitas fisik dan kesehatan. Akt Fis Dan Kesehatan.
Zhang, G., Feng, W., Zhao, L., Zhao, X., & Li, T. (2024). The association between physical activity, self-efficacy, stress self-management and mental health among adolescents. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 5488.
Zulfikar, M., Anwar, N. I. A., Listiandi, A. D., & others. (2024). Keyakinan Terhadap Keterlibatan Pada Aktivitas Fisik: Studi Self-Efficacy Mahasiswa. Indonesian Journal of Physical Activity, 4(2), 209–216.